STRUCTURE OF MODIFICATION

Members of Group 2 TBI 5-B :

1. Bikry Faridatur Rofiqoh            (1723143025)
2. Nurul Laila Farid                      (1723143137)
3. Ulfa Nur Qori                           (1723143174)
4. Via Giarola Sari                        (1723143178)

STRUCTURE OF MODIFICATION

(Noun as a Head)

1. STRUCTURE OF MODIFICATION

The relationship of modification is fundamental in Syntax. There are two components which are named head and modifier. Head is the word that has a role as the core of the phrase. Modifier is the component that describes, or modifies the head of the phrase.

2. NOUN AS A HEAD

Noun can be found as head of structure of modification very frequently. The modifier of noun can be an adjective or another noun. There are 5 part of speech to modify the noun.

1.         Adjective as Noun Modifier

Adjective are expressions that used to modify a noun. However, not all adjectives can modify nouns, because some adjectives have a function as a predicate. Adjective precedes the noun they modify. Example :

Modifier                       Head

The gloomy                  room

Fried                            chicken

His cheerful                  smile

If the adjective is not a single word, the adjective may come after the noun. Example :

Head                            Modifier

A figure                        vague and shadowy

A man                          taller than I thought

2.         Noun as Noun Modifier

Noun modifier also precedes the head. The modifier can be possessive form or basic form.

Possessive                    Noun

The woman’s                friend

Child’s                         play

A day’s                        work

Basic form or noun-adjunct is noun that has a function like an adjective (to modify noun). It is always singular form. Example :

Basic Form                   Noun

Child                            psychology

The day                        shift

A father                        image

Noun as noun modifier can be from appositive words. The position is preceding the head. Appositive form never follows the head. Example :

Noun                Appositive

Mr. Brow         the art critic      (praised the painting)

The children      both boys and girls        (receive presents)

3.         Verb as Noun Modifier

It can be present participle (V-ing), past participle (V-ed), or to-infinitive. The verb may precedes the head. It follows the head if it is a part of larger structures. For exception, to-infinitive always follow the noun (head). Example :

Verb                Noun

Running            water

Baked              potatoes

                                                Noun                Verb

                                                Water               running in the street

                                                Potatoes           baked slowly

                                                Money             to buy

                                                The man           to see

4.         Adverb as Noun Modifier

Adverb is rarely used as noun modifier.  It comes after noun they modify. Example :

Head                Modifier

Indonesia          now

The people       there

5.         Prepositional Phrase

Prepositional phrase follow the head which they modify. The preposition can be in a simple, compound, or phrasal form.

-       Simple preposition

Example :

Single preposition

After                 from                 on                    though

As                    in                      out                   till

At                     like                   over                 to

Two morphemes

About               around              between           toward

Above              before              beyond             underneath

Across              behind              despite             unlike

-       Compound Preposition

Example :

Across from                  down from                    together with

Along with                    upon                             onto

Apart from                    inside of                        instead of

-       Phrasal Prepositions

Example :

In regard to                  

in front of                     

in addition to

REFERENCES

Francise, W.N. 1958. Structure of American English. New York: The Ronald Press  Company.

Jong-Bok, Kim and Peter Sells. 2007. English Syntax: an Introduction. Center for Study of Language and Information.

Krohn, Robert. 1986. English Sentence Structure. USA: The University of Michigan Press.

Miller, Jim. 2002. An Introduction to English Syntax. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd.

Verspoor, Marjolijn and Kim Sauter. 2002. English Sentence Analysis: an Introductory Course. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.